Chap.6 Logarithma Alam

Md Nasir Daud (2017) highlighted about the associating neighborhood elements with social cohesion and integration studies which the authors indicate the importance of quality neighborhood design and facilities. Richard (2018) highlighted about quality of urban life (QoUL), which focus at urban facilities. Gibberd J. (2013) highlighted about approach national built environment strategies to address sustainability with more comprehensive, and more local.

Md Nasir Daud (2017) stated that a neighborhood design and facilities which macro planning to local management of facilities and amenities, that good quality physical environment encourages social interaction. This paper focuses on the “New Village” one of the three types of urban village in Malaysia which this paper developed a model for predicting social trust among villagers using structural equation modelling technique. The results support previous literature findings which identified satisfaction towards neighborhood facilities as a significant predictor of social trust. Richard (2018) stated that for this purpose, the mean spacing method, method of availability of facility per 1,000 inhabitants, as well as multi-criteria statistical analysis technique were implemented. For micro-level analysis of disparities, coefficient of variation was used. The main goal of this study was the QoUL comparison of selected basic settlement units (BSU) in city of Banska’ Bystrica (Central Slovakia). In all cases, the BSUs with the highest functional variability reached the most favorable result. Gibberd J. (2013) stated that interventions at a neighborhood level should be developed that enable-day-to-day living patterns to become sustainable over time. A key element of this are built environment characteristics and facilities which support sustainability. Neighborhood Facilities for Sustainability (NFS) are initiatives undertaken by individuals and communities to build local sustainable systems which not only improve their quality of life but also reduce environmental impacts.

However, Md Nasir Daud (2017) state that this research only limited to urban villages in Kuala Lumpur. However, Richard (2018) state that this research only based on the case study of Banska Bystrica (Central Slovakia). However, Gibberd J. (2013) state that this approach will be illustrated through NFS proposals developed for an informal settlement neighborhood in South Africa.

Therefore, based on the Md Nasir Daud (2017), my study recommend to perception survey using structural equation modelling technique and extend them in another circle of urban villages of neighborhood. Therefore, based on the Gibberd J. (2013), my study recommend to use initiatives of Neighborhood Facilities for Sustainability (NFS) as to responds to the local context and develops local ownership and capacity to which ensures the systems are well managed and maintained and implemented to local context of Shah Alam. Therefore, based on the Richard (2018) my study recommend to use primary data for urban planning, as well as for a housing research and implemented them in City of Shah Alam.

In summary, our study proposes to implement an approach of Neighborhood Facilities Sustainability (NFS) as to responds to the local context and develops local ownership and capacity to which ensures Shah Alam’s systems are well managed and maintained.

Sun and Yu (2020) studied about Dimension and formation of placeless of commercial public space in city center: A case study of Deji Plaza in Nanjing where the author induce that contemporary improvements of commercial public spaces aim to globalize the city image at the expense of local identity and regional characteristics. Yi and Yi, (2020) highlighted about Re-Imagining Nature in Dense, High Rise Urban Environment : the Present and Future of Green Building Infrastructure in Singapore where the author probes examine the performance of existing Green Building Infrastructures (BGIs) within Singapore’s unique urban context. Swensen and Berg (2020) highlighted about the ‘garden city’ in the green infrastructure of the future: learning, from the past where the author probes how towns on the outskirts of large cities can use and revitalise green areas and the urban heritage of garden cities to contribute to filling the societal demand for building sustainable cities. (Shao, 2013) highlight about Sustainable strategies applied on commercial architecture in Australia where the author analyses and describes the sustainable commercial architecture background in Australia. Ravazzoli, E., & Torricelli, G. P. (2017) highlight about Urban mobility and public space: A challenge for the sustainable liveable city of the future where the authors explores the relationship between public space and urban mobility in the contemporary city, specifically by addressing the extent to which urban mobility can create better public spaces and even assist in producing a more sustainable model of mobility. Kim, S., & Kwon, H. ah. (2018) disscuss Urban Sustainability through Public Architecture where the authors analyzed the sustainability of European cities by examining the design methods of public architecture according to the region. The aim of the study is to derive architectural methodology corresponding to local characteristics, and to suggest issues to consider in public architecture design to promote urban sustainability based on this.

Sun and Yu (2020) Although recognized as a major landmark that reflects the globalized image of Nanjing City, Deji Plaza cannot establish a unique sense of place and identity for the community. Sun and Yu (2020) findings indicate that optimized locations and environmental characteristics of city center commercial plazas may enhance their image but transform them into consumption spaces for tourists rather than public places for the local community. Yi and Yi, (2020) stated that the success of BGIs is highly dependent on the programming (i.e. thermal comfort design, accessibility, amenity facilities etc.), as well as the function and users of the existing building. Yi and Yi, (2020) also Designs and planning that take those factors into consideration while being in line with the city’s general development goals, such as storm water management and pervasive greenery. Swensen and Berg (2020) case study was carried out as a DIVE analysis by using qualitative methods to describe the town’s cultural environments, their characteristics, and heritage assets. The analysis is supplemented with practical advice. Local planners need convincing arguments to promote urban heritage and green infrastructure as resources in sustainable urban development in a time of accelerating densification and climate change. (Shao, 2013) state that commercial architecture in Australia is demonstrated as a basis for determining how sustainable technology could be controlled and what the eco-maintenance and materials of major building elements should be. Ravazzoli, E., & Torricelli, G. P. (2017) suggest a set of measures related to public space and soft mobility that can be integrated into an already existing set of indicators commonly used to measure urban sustainability. Kim, S., & Kwon, H. ah. (2018) proposed that sustainability is to be utilized through the influx of programs that meet local and environmental characteristics and the intention is to form “ground” that attempts to be part of the city, and thereby create better places. Design research into public architecture that is oriented towards urban sustainability will be a task to be carried out by the present generation for the millennial generation.

Therefore, based on Sun and Yu (2020) have lack of local overall building identity of the city. However, Yi and Yi focused their study on more to indoor buildings only. However, Swensen and Berg (2020) carried out DIVE analysis to give solution to city in the city to move out from the city. However, Shao only limited his study to the building in Australia only. However, Ravazzoli, E., & Torricelli, G. P. (2017) do not cover the study on the effect of sustainable liveable city on the social interaction among the end user. However, the authors Kim, S., & Kwon, H. ah. (2018) study is based on the European cities where the weather and culture are slightly different with our culture. Thus the measurements needed for our site might be slightly different.

Therefore, by on Sun and Yu (2020), I recommended that local building identity can mimic the overall looks of building from the past, besides with a unique sense of place and identity for the community. Therefore, based on Yi and Yi, (2020), my study recommends to use Green Building Infrastructures (BGIs) analyses to cover the environmental impacts of both indoor and outdoor to analyse user experience. Therefore, based on (Swensen and Berg, 2020) my research proposes for applying the DIVE analysis by using qualitative methods to describe cultural environments, characteristics, and heritage to promote Shah Alam as a sustainable city. Therefore, based on (Shao, 2013), my study recommends to use the strategies used in Australia’s commercial architecture on the eco-maintenance and the material of major building element and accommodate this into our local preference. Thus, based Ravazzoli, E., & Torricelli, G. P. (2017), my study suggest to incorporate a set of initiative related to public space and soft mobility into our site to improve the engagement of the society among them self and also the environment. Finally, based on the research by Kim, S., & Kwon, H. ah. (2018), my study suggest to explore the local characteristic and derive architecture design based on that to promote urban suistainability.

In summary, my study propose to implement Green Building Infrastructures (BGIs) both indoor and outdoor to analyse user experience and build identity can mimic the overall looks of building from the past describe cultural environments, characteristics, heritage. Besides, adapt the strategies used in Australia’s commercial architecture on the eco-maintenance and the material of major building element to promote Shah Alam besides giving a unique sense of place and identity for the community.

(Joensuu et al., 2020) highlighted about circular economy practices in the built environment where the author focus is to retain the value of resources and to prevent the usage of new materials and production of wastage while not only by recycling and reusing but primarily reducing the need for resources. Teitelbaum et al., (2020) study about membrane-assisted radiant cooling for expanding thermal comfort zones globally without air conditioning where Thermal radiation exchange between occupants and surfaces in the built environment can augment thermal comfort. Assefa & Ambler(2017) highlighted about life cycle consideration of repurposing buildings where the author investigates and compares the potential life cycle environmental impacts of building repurposing through reuse of structures and demolition scenarios followed by new construction involving an existing library tower.

Based on the authors’ research, there are three approaches for the adoption of circular economy in the built environment which is management for sustainable cities, urban services and consumer practices aligned with circular economy and cleaner production and construction. The review also suggests a new concept of urban-rural symbiosis as a potential approach for resource recovery in integrated urban waste, water and energy systems. Teitelbaum et al., (2020) mention that the lack of widespread commercial adoption of radiant-cooling technologies is due to two widely held views. First is the low temperature required for radiant cooling in humid environment will form condensation? Another view is that cold surfaces will still cool adjacent air via convection, limiting overall radiant-cooling effectiveness. The works directly challenges both of the view and provided proof-of-concept solutions examined for a transient thermal-comfort scenario. The results show that thermal comfort was achieved for %79 of the test subject and the pavilion operated successfully without any observed condensation on exposed surfaces. Assefa & Ambler(2017) used the Athena Eco Calculator for Commercial Assemblies in analysis of life cycle stages of resources extraction and construction; maintenance, repair, and replacement of building assemblies; and disposal. Repurposing scenarios showed a potential reduction between 20 and %41 in six of the seven environmental impact categories assessed. Global Warming Potential and Fossil Fuel Consumption which are closely correlated show an avoided impact of 33 and %34 respectively as a result of the decision to go for repurposing after selective deconstruction rather than complete demolition and new construction.

However, (Joensuu et al., 2020) research is conducted in China and Europe where the usage of materials and construction method could differ due to availability of natural resources and climate. However, Teitelbaum et al., (2020) research is limited to outdoor radiant-cooling pavilion. However, the materials and construction method is limited the library.

Therefore, Based on (Joensuu et al., 2020) my research will focus on how Shah Alam can benefit from the three approaches for the adoption of circular economy used by the author. My study would recommend using the low-density polyethylene membrane at the site in Shah Alam to reduce the need for air-conditioning for the building to achieve thermal comfort. My study recommends to use the Athena Eco Calculator for Commercial Assemblies to assess another buildings that is reaching end of life to be repurposed into a new building.

In summary, my study purpose is to minimize the utilization of resources to reduce environmental impact and increase the building sustainability. Based Joensuu et al., (2020) three approaches for the adoption of circular economy which aim to minimize the use of new resources. Furthermore, Teitelbaum et al., (2020) study is to achieve thermal comfort without the use of air-conditioners also lean towards the minimization of resource utilization. Based on Assefa & Ambler (2017) research, by using the Athena Eco Calculator for Commercial Assemblies can help assess the efficiency of repurposing a building which could allow for existing materials to be salvaged.

A study (Turkonglu, 2015) discusses sustainable development and quality of urban life where the author conducted an evaluation based on Quality of Life (QoL). A study (Lee et al., 2013) highlights an integrated approach to intelligent urban facilities management for real-time emergency response, where the authors emphasize the improvement of the facilities through that approach. Wang (2020) highlighted about everyday practice in the high density with volumetric spaces at Hong Kong. The author discussed about the ambiguity, intensity and life between interfaces with the high density places.

Turkonglu (2015) listed a main direction and key point of what needs to be provided in order to bring the idea of urban life to full realisation. The impact of the key point is to consider urbanization ideas in the aspects of quality of environment, sustainable ecosystem, supportive community, high participation, and high appreciation of cultural and biological heritage, in order to guide and also to educate the consumers to blend and react to the idea of urban life. Lee et al. (2013) mentioned that there are three main sectors of urban facilities management, which are the computer-aided facility management (CAFM), urban land management, and urban disaster management. Those sectors should be focused on, in order to tackle the user issue during emergency time. These sectors will lead to helping and improving the quality of life by improving the operation and management of a single building, improving the outdoor environmental data such as maps, ground and underground structures data, and also improving in disaster conditions by minimize casualties, injuries, and property damage. Wang’s study (2020) shows that by observing the daily activity and everyday practice of the consumer is the key to start a framework of planning the effective volumetric urban circulation and orientation of the building. There is some key point of spaces and requirement that need to be focus based on author case study which is the direction of walkway from space to another spaces, the mechanical transportation system, vertical circulation between level to another level and also a break point of the spaces.

However, in Turkonglu’s (2015) study, there is still a lack of ideas on how to derive a specific guidance pattern, in order to educate the society regarding urban life with the facilities and technologies that will be provided. However, Lee et al. (2013) research is limited to the general urban facilities during an emergency time. However, Wang’s research (2020) is limited to interior part of the volumetric spaces and building.

Therefore, based on Turkonglu’s study (2015), my study recommends to assess QoL in a proposed sustainable development design. Therefore, my study recommends to use the integrated approach structure to cover mostly to the facilities and services of commercial building. Therefore, my study suggests focusing on the exterior aspect, which is more on the linkages between buildings to another building in the high density area with the key point that has been mentioned by the author (Wang, 2020).

In conclusion, based on Turkonglu’s study (2015), my study recommends to assess QoL in a proposed sustainable development design. Moreover, based on (Lee et al.,2013) my study recommends to use the integrated approach structure to cover mostly to the facilities and services of commercial building. Therefore, my study suggests focusing on the exterior aspect, which is more on the linkages between buildings to another building in the high density area with the key point that has been mentioned by the author (Wang, 2020).